The word NAD+ can be said to be the king of traffic in the anti-aging world – rejuvenating password, root repair, eternal youth, full of energy, immune bonus points… All became its key words.
What is NAD+ in the end, eating can really rejuvenate the child?
NAD+ is eating well? How about an IV?
The legendary baby makeup pill, is it anti-aging myth or IQ tax?
What is the relationship between NAD+ and NMN? Which is better?
What is NAD+?
As a molecule closely related to energy metabolism and DNA repair, NAD+ is an important precursor of coenzyme.
He not only provides the body with the energy it needs, but also helps repair damaged DNA.
Previous studies have shown that NAD+ has the effect of resisting skin damage, strengthening antioxidant properties, and regulating skin inflammation.
According to relevant studies, NAD+ declines with age, the main reason is that during the aging process, the balance of synthesis and decomposition of NAD+ changes, and the production rate cannot keep up with the rate of consumption, resulting in a decline in the level of NAD+ in the body.
The decline in NAD+ is thought to be an important cause of disease during aging.
Such as hearing and vision loss, cognitive and motor dysfunction, immune deficiency autoimmune and inflammatory response disorders, leading to arthritis, metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular disease.
NAD+ and disease improvement
In order to better understand NAD+, in addition to learning the application of NAD+ in anti-aging, to understand how it has become the darling of commercial anti-aging products, you can understand the association of NAD+ with disease improvement and disease treatment.
1, NAD+ and neurodegenerative diseases
Neurodegenerative diseases are a class of diseases characterized by the progressive loss of the structure and function of neurons, of which Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease are the two most representative.
In recent years, more and more studies have shown that NAD+ levels play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
When NAD+ levels decrease, the energy supply of neurons may be affected, resulting in impaired neuron function.
NAD+ is also involved in antioxidant stress processes, scavenging free radicals and protecting cells from oxidative damage.
In simple terms, NAD+ is a qualified “security” of neurons, while removing the “foreign killer” – oxygen free radicals, while in charge of the “diet and living” of neuron cells – constantly transporting energy, worrying about everything, and being a “big butler” with a sense of security.
A team of researchers from Hockland University Hospital and other institutions in Norway published the results of a Phase I clinical trial in Cell Metabolism (IF=27.287) :
By ingesting NAD+ precursors, the level of NAD+ in the brain of patients with Parkinson’s disease can be increased, thus playing a role in protecting the nervous system and improving Parkinson’s disease.
2, NAD+ increases insulin sensitivity and liver function
NAD+ plays a crucial role in metabolism, and there is evidence that increasing NAD+ levels can have an improving effect on metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Studies have shown that β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide can improve age-related diseases such as diabetes, heart failure, and Alzheimer’s disease.
6 weeks of NAD+ supplementation increases aerobic capacity in young and middle-aged amateur runners during exercise training.
Yoshino et al. showed that 10 weeks of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide supplementation increased muscle insulin sensitivity in heavier person or higher weight prediabetic women.
3, Molecular mechanism of NAD+ delaying ovarian senescence
A study published in early 2020 in the journal Cell Reports by researchers from Harvard Medical School and others showed that a decline in oocyte quality with age is accompanied by a significant reduction in levels of the metabolic factor β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
By supplementing NAD+, the oocyte quality of older people animals can be improved, ovarian function can be enhanced, and fertility can be restored.
The experiment used young female mice, two 13-month-old female mice
A 13-month-old female mouse (a 13-month-old female mouse whose fertility has nearly disappeared) was injected with NMN for 10 days, and then the oocytes of the three mice were comprehensively analyzed and compared.
Left: oocyte of a young mouse
Medium: oocytes from 13-month-old mice
Right: Mouse oocytes 13 months after receiving NMN injection
The experimental results showed that the oocytes of old female mice (13 months old) showed a series of signs of “rejuvenation” after the β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide level was restored.
Specifically, the two indicators of blastocyst formation rate and intracastocyst cell mass development of mouse oocytes were significantly improved, which are important factors to predict the success rate of pregnancy, and their improvement also indirectly indicates the improvement of fertility.
4, NAD+ prevents polycystic ovary syndrome
In May 2021, a research team from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University published a study in the journal Biology of Reproduction:
The researchers measured β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide content, associated inflammatory factors, and mitochondrial function in granulosa cells in patients with polycystic complex ovaries.
Compared with the control group, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels reduced and inflammatory factors, and mitochondrial function abnormalities significantly increased in the total ovaries.
By restoring the NAD+ level of granulosa cells in patients with polycystic ovary, mitochondrial dysfunction can alleviated, and it can used as a potential therapeutic target for polycystic ovary.
5, NAD+ prevents cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
Scientists have found a close relationship between β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and cardiovascular diseases, providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
A team led by Ge Junbo, an internationally renowned expert in cardiovascular disease and an academician at Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, has published a blockbuster review in the journal Genes & Diseases, revealing the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) in cardiovascular disease.
Studies have shown that β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide can play a repairing role in cardiovascular disease by regulating metabolism, maintaining REDOX homeostasis and regulating immune response.
The potential and prospects of targeted β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, including NMN, for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease comprehensively evaluated.
6, NAD+ affects the activity of longevity factor Sirtuins and inhibits aging
Longevity factors Sirtuins, also known as “gene guardians,” play a crucial role in maintaining cell health.
Sirtuins a family of enzymes involved in cellular stress response and damage repair.
NAD+ is the fuel that helps Sirtuins maintain genome integrity and promotes DNA repair.
Just like DNA+ levels in the body activate regulatory proteins and extend life span.
7, NAD+ improves sleep quality
Sleep is closely related to immunity, and age-related declines in sleep quality may contribute to the development of age-related diseases.
Current drugs for insomnia can temporarily alleviate the problem, but often have side effects, such as lethargy and weight gain, so anti-aging NAD+ has become the first research object.
The Southern University of Science and Technology research team published in the American Journal of Translational Medicine, they conducted clinical trials on 58 middle-aged and older people, and proved that NAD can significantly shorten the time to fall asleep, increase the time of rapid eye movement and deep sleep, and improve sleep quality.
Can eating NAD+ directly really fight aging?
In 2017, the FDA’s Pharmaceutical Ingredients Advisory Committee made the following conclusions on whether β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide should included in effective oral pharmaceutical ingredients:
First of all, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide this component will decompose above -20℃.
NAD+ also breaks down in alkalescence, sunlight, or moisture,
So: From the moment it leaves minus 20 degrees Celsius, it is no longer β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, but becomes a substance such as niacin.
The second problem is that β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, as a molecule with a large molecular weight, cannot enter the interior of the cell and can hardly absorbed by the body. So, don’t eat NAD+ directly.
How to scientifically improve NAD+ levels in the body
1, 5 NAD+ precursors
The so-called NAD+ precursor refers to the pathway that can effectively synthesize β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in the body, and there are mainly five kinds at present:
NMN (nicotinamide mononucleotide), NR (nicotinamide riboside), NA (nicotinic acid), NAM (nicotinamide), tryptophan.
At present, oral NMN or NR is indeed more common.
In the practical application as an NAD+ supplement, NMN can said to be almost unique in recent years.
Among the NAD+ supplement products on the market, those with NMN as the core ingredient occupy an absolute dominant advantage.
NAM (niacinamide) is more topical to avoid skin aging and hyperpigmentation.
One disadvantage of niacin supplementation the possibility of skin flushing, while tryptophan generally considered less effective than other β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide precursors.
At the same time, whether it is NR or NAM, niacin or tryptophan, in the process of converting into NAD+ in the body, either the path blocked, or it must converted into NMN first, and only NMN in place in one step.
A Japanese study published in the journal GeroScience found that both 300mg/600mg/900mg of NMN taken orally once a day are safe and well tolerated, and that supplementing with NMN has a positive effect on physical endurance and general health in healthy adults. Such as the 6-minute walking test, blood biological age and SF-36 score showed significant improvement.
Clinical efficacy, as assessed by blood NAD concentration and physical performance, was highest at a daily oral dose of 600mg.
At present, in the top international journals such as Cell, Science and Nature, there are as many as hundreds of research papers related to NMN and NAD+, which provide authoritative endorsement for the efficacy of NMN in aging intervention, and also make NMN’s popularity rise and become well-known.
2, Dietary adjustment
The precursor substances of NAD+ exist widely in food, and the synthesis efficiency of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide can effectively improved by reasonable diet.
Milk, yeast, peanuts and other foods rich in NMN, and NMN a direct precursor of NAD+, which can quickly converted into β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in the body.
In the daily diet, a moderate increase in the intake of these foods can help increase the level of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in the body.
However, the amount of NAD+ precursors in food is in the “low micromolar range” – quite small.
Can maintain function, but not enough to replace the loss of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide with age.
3, Lifestyle improvement
Exercise and sleep, as two key factors, have a significant impact on the production and maintenance of NAD+.
Moderate relaxation exercises, such as yoga or deep breathing exercises, before bed can help improve sleep quality, which in turn promotes β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthesis.
Maintaining moderate exercise intensity and duration to avoid excessive fatigue is also key to maintaining NAD+ levels.
4, Directly supplement NAD+
NAD+ intravenous injection has become the most simple and clear way, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide drip implementation has become the monthly routine project of European and American stars such as Madonna, Rihanna and Lady GaGa, Justin Bieber, and has become a powerful weapon for the United States to hold anti-aging.
Direct supplementation of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide through intravenous injection can quickly restore β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels in the body, so that vital organs such as the heart and brain get more effective NAD+ supplementation, thereby activating multiple metabolic pathways and improving systemic system function.
NAD+ drops advantages
Fast absorption: NAD+ high-concentration drops can bypass the gastrointestinal digestion process and reach the effective concentration in plasma faster, thus acting faster.
High stability: Maintain a relatively stable concentration of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in the blood, avoiding concentration fluctuations caused by factors such as stomach acid during oral administration.
Solve problems: gastrointestinal problems, NAD+ high concentration drops better and faster to solve the problem.
Zero risk: Under the guidance of a medical professional, accuracy and safety greatly improved.
Good effect: the high concentration of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide drops avoids the degradation of NAD+ by stomach acid, which can retained to a greater extent.
Recommended frequency for people aged 30-45:
The NAD+ content in the body of a 40-year-old is about half of the peak, and it recommended to start taking β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide actively at the age of 30.
Recommended dosage: 300mg
Recommended course of treatment: one injection a body feeling effect, if you want to maintain the content of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in the body, to achieve anti-aging beauty, prevent aging effect, it recommended that once a month, 5 times for a course of treatment.
People over 45 years old:
For people over the age of 45, because the various functions of the body are already relatively weak, it takes longer and larger doses to replenish the β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in the body.
Recommended dosage: 300mg
Recommended course of treatment: People over the age of 45 often face “three high” health problems such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia.
NAD+ supplementation can enhance vascular health, delay vascular aging, and reduce insulin resistance. This population recommended 2 times a month, 5 times for a course of treatment.