Benefits of NMN for telomeres

Telomere length is crucial. It is the "countdown timer" of cell life, and it shortens with division and causes cell senescence.

As a "shield" of the genome, it can prevent chromosome abnormalities.

1. Activate telomerase activity

NAD + is one of the key factors that activate telomerase.

Telomerase maintains telomere length by adding telomere repeats to the ends of chromosomes.

It was found that telomerase activity was enhanced in some cell types after NMN supplementation to enhance NAD+.

For example, in some in vitro cell experiments, there was a significant increase in intracellular telomerase activity after the addition of NMN, which helped stabilize telomere length and prevent excessive telomere shortening.

2. Improve cellular energy metabolism to maintain telomeres

After NMN increases the level of NAD +, it can enhance the function of mitochondria.

Mitochondria are the "energy factories" of the cell, providing energy for various cellular activities, including telomere maintenance.

Good energy metabolism is very important for the normal functioning of telomere related proteins and the stability of telomere structure.

When the cell has enough energy, it can better support the function of telomerase and maintain the function of telomere-binding proteins, thereby indirectly protecting telomeres.

For example, in cells with impaired energy metabolism, telomeres are more vulnerable to damage, and NMN can mitigate this risk by improving energy metabolism.

3. Reduce telomere damage caused by oxidative stress

NMN can activate deacetylases such as SIRT1 (silencing message regulator 1).

SIRT1 has antioxidant effects, which can regulate the expression of intracellular antioxidant enzymes (such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, etc.).

These antioxidant enzymes are able to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells and reduce oxidative stress.

Oxidative stress is one of the important factors leading to telomere damage, because ROS can directly attack telomere DNA, causing it to break or be damaged.

By reducing oxidative stress, NMN helps protect telomeres from damage and maintain telomere integrity.

4. Regulates DNA repair mechanisms to maintain telomere stability

NMN provides a substrate for DNA repair enzymes such as PARP-1 and polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase-1 by raising NAD + levels.

DNA repair mechanisms are essential for maintaining telomere stability, as telomeres are also affected by DNA damage factors.

DNA repair enzymes such as PARP-1 can recognize and repair DNA damage in the telomere region and play an important role in telomere maintenance.

NMN supports DNA repair mechanisms, thereby helping to protect telomeres against structural destruction and shortening of telomeres due to DNA damage.